Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common condition affecting the central retina (macula) and is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. Early diagnosis and regular follow-up are essential to preserve vision and optimise long-term outcomes.
RETINA
Condition · Medical retinaAge-related macular degeneration
The macula — the retina’s central, detail-reading zone — ages and thins. Most cases are slow and “dry”; a minority turn “wet” and sudden, and it is the wet type that injections can treat.
Retina · medical retinaOverview
Symptoms
Symptoms vary but may include blurred vision, distorted vision, difficulty reading, dark or missing areas of vision, reduced colour vision or sudden vision loss depending on the disease.
- Risk factors differ between diseases but commonly include increasing age, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, smoking, high cholesterol and family history.
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How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis is based on a detailed eye examination by a retinal specialist together with OCT, colour fundus photography and other imaging such as fluorescein angiography, OCT angiography or ocular ultrasound when indicated.
Treatment
The treatment options for this condition, and how they are chosen. To be completed by the practice.
When to seek expert assessment
When to seek an assessment
When patients should arrange an assessment. To be completed by the practice.
Key points
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Frequently asked questions
What causes this condition?
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Can it affect both eyes?
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Will I lose my vision?
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Is surgery always necessary?
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How often should I be reviewed?
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Can the condition come back?
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Are there lifestyle changes that help?
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When should I seek urgent medical attention?
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What questions should I ask my specialist?
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Can I continue driving or working?
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Related conditions
Consultation
For assessment and monitoring.
For assessment of changing vision, monitoring of dry AMD, or discussion of injection treatment for the wet type. If straight lines have suddenly become distorted, arrange a prompt check rather than waiting for a routine appointment.
This page provides general information only and is not a substitute for an individual consultation. If you are worried about your vision, seek medical advice.